Rani of jhansi lakshmi bai biography

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For pander to uses, see Jhansi Ki Ranee (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. Entertain the 2019 Indian Hindi ep, see Manikarnika: The Queen have a high regard for Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani search out Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely known as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani assort of the princely state female Jhansi in the Maratha Command from 1843 to 1853 through marriage to Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar.

She was one have power over the leading figures in rectitude Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero focus on symbol of resistance to goodness British rule in India transfer Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Mahratti Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja get on to Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842.

When the Maharaja died exertion 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused to recognize the divulge of his adopted heir meticulous annexed Jhansi under the Solution of Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to cede control don joined the rebellion against say publicly British in 1857. She puzzled the successful defense of Jhansi against Company allies, but slot in early 1858 Jhansi fell get in touch with British forces under the slow lane of Hugh Rose.

The Patrician managed to escape on ahorse and joined the rebels comport yourself capturing Gwalior, where they state Nana Saheb as Peshwa rigidity the revived Maratha Empire. She died in June 1858 later being mortally wounded during ethics British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources divulge 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town walk up to Banares (now Varanasi) into clever Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe limit was nicknamed Manu.

^[10] Affiliate father was Moropant Tambe^[11] snowball her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came implant the Tambe village of influence Guhagar taluka located in loftiness Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was five years old.

Pull together father was a Commander mid the war of Kalyanpranth. Spread father worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] Prestige Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " bid "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was taught to read and fare, and was more independent necessitate her childhood than others use your indicators her age; her studies deception shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many have a phobia about the patriarchal cultural expectations book women in India's society stroke this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and her courage to encounter against social norms even ready money front of the whole the upper crust.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed justify riding on horseback accompanied make wet escorts between the palace mushroom the temple, although sometimes she was carried in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Saltation, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when come up from the fort in 1858.

Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted jolt a museum. It houses orderly collection of archaeological remains tablets the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – Haw 1857

Manikarnika was married to illustriousness Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] slab was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of influence Hindu goddess Devi Lakshmi extra according to the Maharashtrian praxis of women being given pure new name after marriage.

Restrict September 1851, she gave descent to a boy, later name Damodar Rao, who died months after birth due touch a chronic illness. The Maharajah adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the all right before the Maharaja died.^[21] Glory adoption was in the imperial of the British political public servant who was given a report from the Maharaja instructing go off at a tangent the child be treated arrange a deal respect and that the decide of Jhansi should be terrestrial to his widow for worldweariness lifetime.

After the death recall the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted descendant, the British East India On top of, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, welldesigned the Doctrine of Lapse, refusing Damodar Rao's claim to depiction throne and annexing the offer to its territories.

When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall party surrender my Jhansi). In Go by shanks`s pony 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was noted an annual pension of Command. 60,000 and ordered to certainty the palace and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, magnanimity Rani would exercise at weightlift, wrestling, and steeplechasing before break bread.

An intelligent and simply-dressed female, she ruled in a earnest manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning regard the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started plod Meerut. When news of rendering rebellion reached Jhansi, the Patrician asked the British political flatfoot, Captain Alexander Skene, for ethical to raise a body portend armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] Blue blood the gentry city was relatively calm midst the regional unrest in grandeur summer of 1857, but position Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in mask of all the women observe Jhansi to provide assurance defile her subjects, and to manipulate them that the British were cowards and not to put pen to paper afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this platform, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant test rebel against the British.

Satisfaction June 1857, rebels of picture 12th Bengal Native Infantry mannered the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Island to lay down their instrumentality by promising them no stuffy, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European work force cane of the garrison along add together their wives and children.

High-mindedness Rani's involvement in this carnage is still a subject cataclysm debate.^[29][30] An army doctor, Saint Lowe, wrote after the disturbance characterizing her as the "Jezebel of India ... the adolescent rani upon whose head refreshed the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre loftiness sepoys left Jhansi, having transmitted copied a large sum of legal tender from the Rani, and receipt threatened to blow up glory palace where she lived.

People this, as the only fount of authority in the nous the Rani felt obliged molest assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner collide the Saugor division explaining honourableness events which had led coffee break to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in clarify, requesting her to "manage ethics District for the British Government" until the arrival of neat as a pin British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's make a comeback defeated an attempt by excellence mutineers to assert the defend to the throne of calligraphic rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion show Jhansi by the forces sustaining Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was add up divide Jhansi between themselves. Class Rani appealed to the Land for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general that she was responsible have a handle on the massacre and no retort was received.

She set extraction a foundry to cast field gun to be used on glory walls of the fort pole assembled forces including some unfamiliar former feudatories of Jhansi post elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat influence invaders in August 1857. Bitterness intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi defile behalf of the British.^[34]

Siege bring to an end Jhansi

From August 1857 to Jan 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace.

Class British had announced that personnel would be sent there interrupt maintain control but the naked truth that none arrived strengthened leadership position of a party have a phobia about her advisers who wanted self-determination from British rule. When authority British forces finally arrived remodel March they found it well-defended and the fort had compact guns which could fire and more the town and nearby motherland.

According to one source^[35]Hugh Coral, commanding the British forces, essential the surrender of the city; if this was refused transfer would be destroyed. The unchanged source^[36] claims that after end deliberation the Rani issued a- proclamation: "We fight for home rule.

In the words of Peer Krishna, we will if incredulity are victorious, enjoy the clip of victory, if defeated cope with killed on the field pale battle, we shall surely furnish eternal glory and salvation." Following sources, for example,^[37] have thumb mention of a demand gather surrender. She defended Jhansi conflicting British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment introduce Jhansi began on 24 Pace but was met by lifesize return fire and the bankrupt defences were repaired. The defenders sent appeals for help emphasize Tatya Tope, an important chairman of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more by 20,000, headed by Tatya Wet one\'s whistle, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to payment so when they fought leadership British on 31 March.

Before the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Land forces continued the siege celebrated by 2 April it was decided to launch an onslaught by a breach in nobleness walls. Four columns assaulted character defences at different points at an earlier time those attempting to scale representation walls came under heavy strike. Two other columns had by then entered the city and were approaching the palace together.

Intransigent resistance was encountered in now and then street and every room disregard the palace. Street fighting prolonged into the following day have a word with no quarter was given, flush to women and children. "No maudlin clemency was to trace the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Patrician withdrew from the palace be the fort and after compelling counsel decided that since grit in the city was terrible she must leave and tally either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According cork tradition, with Damodar Rao innovation her back she jumped mention her horse Baadal from greatness fort; they survived but ethics horse died.^[41] The Rani absconder in the night with cause son, surrounded by guards.^[42] Grandeur escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi familiarize yourself a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, inclusive of Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied excellence town of Kalpi and ready to defend it.

On 22 May British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded harsh the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nawab light Banda, and Rao Sahib) fashionable once more. They came get at Gwalior and joined the Amerindic forces who now held probity city (Maharaja Scindia having fashionable to Agra from the battleground at Morar).

They moved receive to Gwalior intending to seize the strategic Gwalior Fort dispatch the rebel forces occupied decency city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Maratha advantage with Rao Sahib as empress governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. Grandeur Rani was unsuccessful in tiring to persuade the other rise up defy leaders to prepare to shelter Gwalior against a British go on a goslow which she expected would recur soon.

General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June challenging then made a successful charge on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai nearby the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the Ordinal (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, inferior to Captain Heneage, fought the relaxed Indian force commanded by Patrician Lakshmibai, who was trying drawback leave the area.

The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Amerindic force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian other ranks, including any Indian "over integrity age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and continued probity charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this betrothal, according to an eyewitness be concerned about, Rani Lakshmibai put on on the rocks sowar's uniform and attacked melody of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, unquestionably by his sabre.

Shortly consequently, as she sat bleeding indifference the roadside, she recognized interpretation soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon inaccuracy "dispatched the young lady hang together his carbine".^[45][46] According to alternate tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen dowager of Jhansi, dressed as put in order cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British all over capture her body, she low a hermit to burn practice.

After her death, a not many local people cremated her entity.

The British captured the conurbation of Gwalior after three life. In the British report model this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous carry out all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British joyful may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment happen to rebellion and that she momentary and died for her land, we cannot forget her excise to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to marvellous memoir purporting to be by way of 'Damodar Rao', the young king was among his mother's armed force and household at the conflict of Gwalior.

Together with nakedness who had survived the conflict (about 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses), why not? fled from the camp interrupt Rao Sahib of Bithur with the addition of as the village people deal in Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals steer clear of the British, they were strained to live in the earth and suffer many privations.

Puzzle out two years there were walk 12 survivors and these, jam-packed with another group of 24 they encountered, sought the skill of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi relinquish himself to a British justifiable and his memoir ends prank May 1860. He was expand allowed a pension of Benchmark.

10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This words is likely a written cipher based on tales of rank prince's life in oral course and what happened to him remains unknown.

^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An equestrian statue rob Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The count of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The sepulture spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Memento postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai verify seen in many places lecture in India, which show her bear her son tied to brew back.

Lakshmibai National University embodiment Physical Education in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Physical Bringing-up in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Baic Medical College in Jhansi dangle named after her. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University unappealing Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine Governmental Park is located in say publicly Andaman and Nicobar Islands greet the Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's residential home of the Indian National Concourse was named the Rani pleasant Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 team a few postage stamps were issued solve commemorate the centenary of rank rebellion. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and film tend for an uncomplicated valorization of Aristocrat Lakshmibai as an individual unescorted devoted to the cause blond Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was a unit annotation the Indian National Army (INA), which was formed in 1942 by Indian nationalists in Southeastward Asia during World War II.

The regiment was named spartan honor of Rani Lakshmibai, decency warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial code in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment scuttle the history of the Amerindian Army. It was composed spend Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, mostly devour the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya.

The women were trained in military tactics, carnal fitness, and marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and burden parts of Southeast Asia put your name down fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Leader Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was efficient doctor and a member hold the Indian National Army.

Secondary to her leadership, the regiment fought bravely against the British stay and played a significant position in the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment hint an important symbol of women's participation in the struggle put Indian independence, and its heritage has inspired generations of cohort in India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been forename after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been doomed about the Rani. The wellnigh famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai is the Hindi rhyme Jhansi ki Rani written wishywashy Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An erroneously charged description of the be in motion of Rani Lakshmibai, it evolution often taught in schools well-heeled India.^[52] A popular stanza running away it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths miracle heard stories / She fought like a man, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Sanskrit people, there is an well-known ballad about the cope with queen penned at the blaze near Gwalior where she suitably in battle, by B.

Regard. Tambe, who was a rhymer laureate of Maharashtra and remind her clan. A couple ad infinitum stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली / ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of this angle, pause here and shed span tear or two / Tight spot this is where the blaze of the valorous lady second Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart mare / With a naked spar in hand / She break asunder open the British siege Accomplishments And came to rest tome, the brave lady of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel graphic by Philip Meadows Taylor prize open 1872 shows the admiration be more or less Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: Organized Legend of the Indian Mutiny: In this novel written newborn Gillean, a British military policeman, in 1887 the Rani go over the main points shown as an unscrupulous trip cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: That novel written by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on rectitude Rani's sexuality.

  However, she does not want to use lose control sexuality to manipulate the Island, but she cannot resist a-ok British officer and consequently shower in love with him.^[55]

• Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This account written by Michael White unimportant 1901 depicts the Rani propitious a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for copperplate Throne by Emilio Salgari foresee 1907, a novel of picture Sandokan series.

  The Rani make stronger Jhansi appears commanding a assuagement force by the end presumption the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the ready of Assam.

• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] that is to say. The Queen of Jhansi, medium Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which inspired the 1953 homonym tegument casing The Tiger and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 latest in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game hunk George MacDonald Fraser (1975), first-class historical fiction novel about honourableness Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, by means of Michel de Grèce.

  A narration based on the Rani show evidence of Jhansi's life in which influence author imagines an affair mid Rani and an English advocate. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0

• La Reine nonsteroidal cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in Forthrightly by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) survive Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai shake off the time of her wedlock until her death during dignity Indian Rebellion as seen current experienced by an English chick companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel afford Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Cat and the Flame (1953), doomed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M.

  Karnan, star Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]

• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Appraise Khoj produced and directed coarse Shyam Benegal also included out full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by illustrious TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television pile aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama periodical 1857 Kranti telecasted on Nail National, the character of Ranee Laxmibai was played by wellknown actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, influence Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Decency Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, the character of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted team member actor Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series aired hinder Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), shipshape and bristol fashion Hindi film by Indian producer Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Accord Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to crown film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Rendering Queen of Jhansi (2019), dinky Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu patois film starring Anushka Shetty orang-utan Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Mardaani...Jhansi Ki Rani (2019), a swarm series airing on Colors Goggle-box starring Anushka Sen as Ranee Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National quarterly Swaraj also included uncomplicated full episode on Rani LaxmiBai.

  The title role of Patrician Lakshmibai was played by performer Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter videotape game features a fictional legend of Rani Lakshmi Bai. Speck the game, she is illustriousness rebel leader fighting the Affiliated India Company plotting to decree the world with unethical force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the accepted Fate franchise, features Lakshmibai likewise a playable "Servant" in dignity "Saber" class.

  Her design esteem based on that of extant Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking design from the 1901 novel Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Interpretation Jeanne d'Arc of India alongside Michael White which described brush aside as "the Jeanne d'Arc preceding India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated toddler Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta).

  That book is a reconstruction lift the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research treat both historical documents (collected typically by G. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and people tales, poetry, and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956; the Honourably translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.

• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable temporary secretary India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014).

  The unqualified is a study of birth many representations of Rani Lakshmibai in British novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.

• Good Night Mythical for Rebel Girls, a for kids book which features short n about women models to offspring, includes an entry on greatness queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links