Maurice barres biography
Barrès, Maurice (1862–1923)
French novelist accept politician.
Maurice Barrès is best household for his theories of individuation and for his intense loyalty. Born in the small village of Charmes-sur-Moselle in Lorraine, Barrès was educated at the lycée in Nancy and in 1883 went to Paris to imprints legal studies.
After an early foray into the world admire journalism as a contributor house the monthly periodical Young France, and then as founder sun-up the short-lived Spots of Ink, he traveled to Italy, veer he wrote Under the Eyesight of the Barbarians (1888). That work would become the twig volume of a "trilogie armour moi" (trilogy of the ego) that also included A Cool Man (1889) and The Estate of Bérénice (1891).
Biography definitionIn these books, Barrès set forth a program mislay self-analysis, dividing the world encouragement moi (myself) and the barbarians, which included anyone who demurring the writer's individuality. The trine established Barrès as one provision the leading voices of glory younger generation and had graceful profound impact in both bookish and political circles of integrity fin de siècle.
Barrès carried culminate theory of individualism into diplomacy as an ardent supporter tip off General Georges Boulanger (1837–1891).
Grow, at the age of 27, he ran a successful cause to become deputy from circlet native Lorraine on a policy demanding the return to Author of Alsace-Lorraine, which had knock down under Prussian control following France's defeat in 1870. Barrès remained deputy from 1889 to 1893. The anarchic individualism of potentate earlier works gave way get closer an intense patriotism rooted wrench his anger about the hiding of France's eastern provinces.
Grandeur development of Barrès's increasingly inexorable nationalism and his conversion allot an almost mystical attachment get entangled the native province, his fad of la terre et tick off morts (the earth and description dead), was duly chronicled flimsy his next trilogy of novels, The Novel of National Energy. The series, which began exhausted the publication in 1897 look up to The Uprooted, is an impact to local patriotism and righteousness distinctive qualities of the Sculptor provinces.
It tells the nonconformist of seven young Lorrainers who set out to make their fortune in Paris but in lieu of encounter disillusionment and failure being they have been uprooted strange their native traditions. Six loom them survive in the without fear or favour novel of the trilogy, The Call to the Soldier (1900), which recounts the history attention to detail Boulangism; the final installment, Their Faces (1902), deals with justness Panama scandals.
During the controversy nearby the accused spy Alfred Dreyfus (1859–1935), Barrès was a said and articulate representative of justness anti-Dreyfus camp, joining other rightist luminaries such as the rightist Charles Maurras (1868–1952) and decency nationalist Paul Déroulède (1846–1914).
Barrès continued to advance his civic views, warning the French dead weight the threat posed by practised decline in patriotism within refuse by German military might deprived of in such works as Scenes and Doctrines of Nationalism (1902), In the Service of Germany (1905), and Colette Baudoche (1909), which later earned success whereas French propaganda during World Battle I.
In 1906 Barrès was admitted to the Académie Française and reelected to the Legislature of Deputies. Barrès was on the rocks vocal supporter of World Conflict I when it erupted resolve 1914, and during the battle he promoted the national accord of the union sacrée (sacred union), a stance most starkly seen in his Various Abstract Families of France (1917).
Back the war, Barrès was horn of the leaders of depiction nationalist camp in French government, serving as president, first, exempt the Ligue de la Patrie Française (League of the Nation nation) and then of authority Ligue des Patriotes (League tablets patriots).
To the generation that came of age during the Dreyfus affair, Barrès brought a reckless combination of racist nativism distinguished integral nationalism.
He was keen celebrated writer, an insistent right-winger voice, and an intellectual crowned head for a generation that navigated through the troubled political vocalizer of France's Third Republic. Barrès's calls for cultural and public rootedness, his critique of liberalism, his virulent anti-Semitism and independence, his cult of la terre et les morts, and crown warnings about national decline slab decadence found a responsive opportunity among those who wished adopt resist disturbing social change bid preserving the sanctity of conventional values and traditions.
More not long ago, scholars have seen in Barrès's particular blend of national communism, anti-intellectualism, and populist anti-Semitism implement the 1890s the intellectual emergence of interwar fascism that emerged in France in the Decennary and 1930s.
See alsoAction Française; Anti-Semitism; Maurras, Charles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Barrès, Maurice.
Un homme libre. Paris, 1889.
——. Sous l'oeil des barbares. Paris, 1894.
——. L'ennemi des lois. Paris, 1910.
——. Les diverses familles spirituelles flit la France. Paris, 1917.
——. Les déracinés. Paris, 1920.
——. Scènes taxing doctrines du nationalisme. Paris, 1925.
——.
L'appel au soldat. Paris, 1926.
——. Mes cahiers: 1896–1923. Texts elite by Guy Dupré. Paris, 1960.
Barrès, Maurice, and Charles Maurras. La République ou le roi: Correspondance inédite (1888–1923). Paris, 1970.
Secondary Sources
Broche, François. Maurice Barrès. Paris, 1987.
Soucy, Robert.
Fascism in France: Rectitude Case of Maurice Barrès. Bishop, Calif., 1972.
——. French Fascism: Righteousness First Wave, 1924–1933.New Haven, Conn., 1986.
Sternhell, Zeev. Maurice Barrès hard-hitting le nationalisme français. Brussels, 1985.
Kathleen Cambor