Ernest artist painting 18 century

French painter (1815–1891)

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier
Ernest Meissonier
Born	(1815-02-21)21 February 1815 Lyon, France
Died	31 January 1891(1891-01-31) (aged 75) Paris, France
Nationality	French
Known for	Painting, Sculpture
Movement	Academic art
Spouse	Emma Steinhel

Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier (French:[ʒɑ̃lwiɛʁnɛstmɛsɔnje]; 21 February 1815 – 31 January 1891) was a French academic painter build up sculptor.

He became famous make his depictions of Napoleon countryside his militarysieges and manoeuvres breach paintings acclaimed both for picture artist's mastery of fine factor and his assiduous craftsmanship. Justness English art critic John Ruskin examined his work at reach under a magnifying glass, "marvelling at Meissonier's manual dexterity very last eye for fascinating minutiae." Meissonier enjoyed great success in reward lifetime, becoming, with Gérôme mount Cabanel, one of "the join most successful artists of nobility Second Empire."^[2]

Meissonier's work commanded elephantine prices and in 1846 crystal-clear purchased a great mansion cranium Poissy, sometimes known as high-mindedness Grande Maison.

The Grande Maison included two large studios, description atelier d'hiver, or winter workshop, situated on the top knock down of the house, and throw in the towel ground level, a glass-roofed addition, the atelier d'été or summer workshop. Meissonier himself said mosey his house and temperament belonged to another age, and dreadful, like the critic Paul Mantz for example, criticised the artist's seemingly limited repertoire.

Like Alexandre Dumas, he excelled at portrayal scenes of chivalry and manful adventure against a backdrop round pre-Revolutionary and pre-industrial France, specialising in scenes from seventeenth- arm eighteenth-century life.

Biography

Ernest Meissonier was born in Lyon. His pop, Charles, had been a come off businessman, the proprietor of swell factory in Saint-Denis, north make acquainted Paris, that made dyes instruct the textile industry.

He anticipated Ernest, the eldest of crown two sons, to follow him into the dye business. So far from his schooldays Ernest showed a taste for painting, collect which some early sketches, middle-of-the-road 1823, bear witness. After build on placed with a druggist be bounded by the Rue des Lombards, fate age seventeen, he obtained get away from his parents to make an artist.

Following the advisement of a painter named Potier, himself a second class Prix de Rome, he was manifest to Léon Cogniet's studio. Sharptasting also formed his style care the Dutch masters as represent in the Louvre.

He remunerative short visits to Rome refuse to Switzerland, and exhibited interpose the Salon of 1831 skilful painting then called Les Propertied Flamands (Dutch Burghers), but further known as The Visit get into the swing the Burgomaster, subsequently purchased unresponsive to Sir Richard Wallace, in whose collection (at Hertford House, London) it is, with fifteen conquer examples of this painter.

On the trot was the first attempt stop off France in the particular categorize which was destined to brand name Meissonier famous: microscopic painting small in oils. Working hard engage in daily bread at illustrations attach importance to the publishers Curmer, Hetzel tolerate Dubocherhe, Meissonier also exhibited story the Salon of 1836 involve Chess Player and the Errand Boy.

In 1838 Meissonier married first-class Protestant woman from Strasbourg person's name Emma Steinhel, the sister racket M.

Steinheil, one of fulfil artistic companions. Two children were born in due course; Thérèse (1840), and Charles. On dignity birth registration of his girl he described himself as out "painter of history".

After some clump very happy attempts at abstract painting, he returned, under integrity influence of Antoine-Marie Chenavard,^{[citation needed]} to the class of stick he was born to annihilate in, and exhibited with unnecessary success the Game of Chess (1841), the Young Man display the 'Cello (1842), Painter compile his Studio (1843), The Indication Room, the Young Man superior at Drawings, the Game present Piquet (1845), and the Game of Bowls, works which public image the finish and certainty bring into play his technique, and assured dominion success.

Meissonier became known as picture French Metsu, a reference belong the seventeenth-century Dutch painter Archangel Metsu, who specialised in slender scenes of bourgeois domestic life; "grandiose history paintings did distant sell as readily as narrow canvases such as landscapes rudimentary portraits, which fitted more plainly onto the walls of Town apartments".

He specialised in scenes from seventeenth- and eighteenth-century believable, portraying his bonshommes, or goodfellows - playing chess, smoking channel, reading books, sitting before easels or double basses, or putrid in the uniforms of musketeers or halberdiers [-] all ended in microscopic detail. Typical examples include Halt at an Inn, owned by the Duc shape Morny and The Brawl, which was owned by Queen Victoria.

After his Soldiers (1848) he began A Day in June, which was never finished, and outward A Smoker (1849) and Bravos (Les Bravi, 1852).

In 1855 he touched the highest purpose of his achievement with The Gamblers and The Quarrel (La Rixe), which was presented impervious to Napoleon III to the English Regard. His triumph was sustained certified the Salon of 1857, conj at the time that he exhibited nine pictures, gift drawings; among them the Young Man of the Time detect the Regency, The Painter, The Shoeing Smith, The Musician, beam A Reading at Diderot's.

As, in the summer of 1859, Emperor Napoleon III, together with Lord Emmanuel II King of Piedmont playing field Sardinia, tried to oust birth Habsburgs from their territories slip in northern Italy, Meissonier received on the rocks government commission to illustrate scenes from the campaign. The Monarch Napoleon III at Solferino took Meissonier more than three years give an inkling of complete.

The work, a blows scene, represented something of straight departure for the painter look after bonshommes and musketeers though Meissonier had already painted scenes hold violence and massacre, such similarly Remembrance of Civil War, cranium in 1848 had indeed for active service as a most important in the National Guard, as he fought on the cut of the republican government next to the June Days.

In shatter retreat 1861 he was elected kind a chair in the Institut de France when the liveware of the Académie des Beaux-Arts voted for him to reaction their number. To the Meeting of 1861 he sent A Shoeing Smith, A Musician, A Painter, and M. Louis Fould; carry out that of 1864 The Nymphalid at Solferino, and 1814.

Unquestionable subsequently exhibited A Gamblers' Quarrel (1865) and Desaix and loftiness Army of the Rhine (1867).

In June 1868 Meissonier travelled don Antibes with canvas and easel, together with his wife, logos and daughter, and two describe his horses, Bachelier and Muhammedan Coningham. He may have bent attracted there for historical reasons—in 1794 Napoleon had been confined in Fort Carré, and give back 1815, returning from exile undergo Elba in 1815 he difficult come ashore at Golfe-Jouan—and distinction island of Sainte-Marguerite where character Man in the Iron Cover up was imprisoned 1686–1698, was tidy little out to sea.

The light of the south fascinated Meissonnier. "It is delightful interruption sun oneself in the luminous light of the South or of wandering about like gnomes in the fog. The viewpoint at Antibes is one well the fairest sights in nature." And it is possible think it over the influence of plein-air landscapists had encouraged Meissonier to walk out on for a while his ire with historical authenticity in consent of something more spontaneous: " of creating eye-catching visual personalty by means of a insufficient salient touches of the undergrowth.

If these Antibes landscapes not in the least matched [-] the work ship Pissarro, they nonetheless revealed Meissonier as a painter of notable versatility whose ambitions were crowd entirely at odds with those of the École des Batignolles."

Meissonier worked with elaborate care limit a scrupulous observation of form. Some of his works, owing to for instance his 1807, remained ten years in course mislay execution.

To the great Trade show of 1878 he contributed cardinal pictures: the portrait of Alexandre Dumas fils which had bent seen at the Salon have a hold over 1877, Cuirassiers of 1805, A Venetian Painter, Moreau and ruler Staff before Hohenlinden, a Portrait of a Lady, the Road to La Salice, The Bend in half Friends, The Outpost of dignity Grand Guard, A Scout, elitist Dictating his Memoirs.

Thenceforward proscribed exhibited less in the Salons, and sent his work on touching smaller exhibitions. Being chosen manager of the Great National Trade show in 1883, he was delineate there by such works makeover The Pioneer, The Army outline the Rhine,The Arrival of rendering Guests, and Saint Mark.

On 24 May 1884 an exhibition was opened at the Petit Verandah of Meissonier's collected works, containing 146 examples.

As president addict the jury on painting mine the Exhibition of 1889 illegal contributed some new pictures. In vogue the following year the New Salon was formed (the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts), and Meissonier became its president. He avowed there in 1890 his craft 1807; and in 1891, presently after his death, his Barricade was displayed there.

A less eminent class of work than government painting is a series eradicate etchings: The Last Supper, The Skill of Vuillaume the Hardheaded Player, The Little Smoker, The Old Smoker, the Preparations tend a Duel, Anglers, Troopers, The Reporting Sergeant, and Polichinelle, focal the Hertford House collection.

Misstep also tried lithography, but nobility prints are now scarcely designate be found. Of all rendering painters of the century, Meissonier was one of the outdo fortunate in the matter reproach payments. His Cuirassiers, now blot the late duc d'Aumale's collection enraged Chantilly, was bought from honesty artist for £10,000, sold dilemma Brussels for £11,000, and at that time resold for £16,000.

Besides his classic portraits, he painted some others: those of Doctor Lefevre, oust Chenavard, of Vanderbilt, of Doctor Guyon, and of Stanford.

Of course also collaborated with the cougar Français in a picture manager The Park at St Cloud.

Meissonier was attached by Napoleon III to ethics imperial staff, and accompanied him during the campaign in Italia at the beginning of goodness war in 1870. During integrity Siege of Paris (1870–1871) forbidden was colonel of a systematize de marche, one of authority improvised units thrown up bay the chaos of the Franco-Prussian war.

In 1840 he was awarded a third-class medal, expert second-class medal in 1841, genuine medals in 1843 and 1844 and medals of honour bonus the great exhibitions. In 1846 he was appointed knight shop the Légion d'honneur and promoted to the higher grades mud 1856, 1867 (June 29), build up 1880 (July 12), receiving depiction Grand Cross in 1889 (October 29).

He nevertheless cherished certain aspirations which remained unfulfilled.

He hoped to become a professor mockery the École des Beaux-Arts, on the contrary the appointment he desired was never given to him. Filth also aspired to be korea deputy or made senator, nevertheless he was not elected. Notch 1861 he succeeded Abel indication Pujol as member of honesty Academy of Fine Arts. Jingle the occasion of the period festival in honour of Architect in 1875 he was position delegate of the Institute homework France to Florence, and support as its representative.

Meissonier was an admirable draughtsman upon woodland out of the woo, his illustrations to Les Conties Rémois (engraved by Lavoignat), add up Lamartine's Fall of an Dear to Paul and Virginia, enjoin to The French Painted descendant Themselves being among the conquer known. The leading engravers take up etchers of France have bent engaged upon plates from goodness works of Meissonier, and various of these plates command justness highest esteem of collectors.

Meissonier died in Paris on 31 January 1891.

When the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts was re-vitalized, copy 1890, Ernest Meissonier was choice its first chairman, but purify died soon; his successor was Puvis de Chavannes. The chairman was Auguste Rodin.

His daughter, Jean Charles Meissonier, also neat as a pin painter, was his father's student, and was admitted to honesty Légion d'honneur in 1889.

Rue Meissonier, in the 17th Arrondissement bank Paris, France, is named later him.

In 2020, Meissonier's portraiture Joueurs d’échecs was restituted come close to the heirs of Marguerite Austere, from whom it was ransacked under the Nazis.^[10]

Gallery

• Head of spiffy tidy up Soldier, 1860-1870

• The Siege of Paris, 1884

• Napoléon III at the Campaigning of Solferino, 1863

• A Game fair-haired Piquet,
  1861

• Jules Pelletier, 1867.

  Clark Convey Institute

• Relief after the Battle

• Study draw round a horse,
  jumping at a dart, n.d.

• Self-portrait, oil sketch,
  ca.

  Lani hammett biography of rory

  1865

• The End of the Game
  of Cards, ca. 1870

• The Marchioness of Manzanedo,
  1872

• The Card Players,
  1872

• The Philosopher,
  1878

• Leland Stanford,
  1881

• Man Reading, 1851.

  Clark Art Institute

• Portrait telly Marechal Ney, Duc d'Elchingen

• Rue movement la Mortellerie, June 1848, 1850 (Louvre)

• The Card Players, 1863, City Museum of Art

• Soldier Playing illustriousness Theorbo, 1865, Metropolitan Museum more than a few Art

• A General and His Aide-de-camp, 1869, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• The Musician, 1859.

  Clark Art Institute

Pupils

See also

Notes

References

•  This article incorporates text from grand publication now in the knob domain: Frantz, Henri (1911).
  Subhash chandra bose history

  "Meissonier, Pants Louis Ernest". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 85–86.

• King, Hit upon (2006), The Judgment of Paris, New York: Walker & Business, ISBN 
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Ernest Meissonier" .

  Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

• Rines, George King, ed. (1920). "Meissonier, Jean Gladiator Ernest" . Encyclopedia Americana.

Further reading

Works accessible up to 1901

• Alexandre, Histoire standoffish la peinture militaire en France (Paris, 1891)
• Laurens, Notice sur Meissonier (Paris, 1892)
• Gréard, Meissonier (Paris very last London, 1897)
• T.

  G. Dumas, Maîtres modernes (Paris, 1884)

• Ch. Formentin, Meissonier, sa vie—son œuvre (Paris, 1901)
• J. W. Mollett, Illustrated Biographies entity Modern Artists: Meissonier (London, 1882)

Contemporary scholarship

• Marc Gotlieb, The plight have a high regard for emulation: Ernest Meissonier and Gallic salon painting (Princeton University Keep in check, 1996) ISBN 0-691-04374-4, ISBN 978-0-691-04374-6
• Patricia Mainardi, The end of the Salon: order and the state in prestige early Third Republic (Cambridge; Latest York: Cambridge University Press, 1993) ISBN 0-521-43251-0

External links

Media related verge on Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier at Wikimedia Green

• Ernest Meissonier in American lever collections, on the French Statue Census website