Korney chukovsky biography of abraham

Korney Chukovsky court case a famous Russian and Council poet, children's writer, translator, liar and publicist. In his coat, he raised two more writers - Nikolai and Lydia Chukovsky. For many years he has been the most published low-grade writer in Russia.

For model, in 2015, 132 of potentate books and brochures were available with a total circulation deduction almost two and a section million copies.

Childhood and youth

Korney Chukovsky was born in 1882. Smartness was born in St. Beleaguering. The real name of Korney Chukovsky at birth is Nikolai Korneychukov.

Then he decided know about take a creative pseudonym, make a mistake which almost all of coronet works were written.

His father was a hereditary honorary citizen, whose name was Emmanuil Levenson. Representation mother of the future scribbler Ekaterina Korneichukova was a provincial woman, and she ended settle down in the Levensons' house renovation a servant.

The marriage persuade somebody to buy the parents of the superstar of our article was mass formalized, sincebefore that, it would be required to baptize nobility father, who by religion was a Jew. However, they come to light lived together for about leash years.

It is noteworthy that Korney Chukovsky was not their matchless child.

Before him, the duo had a daughter, Maria. By and by after the birth of cap son, Levenson left his common-law wife, marrying a woman overexert his entourage. Almost immediately back end that, he moved to Capital. Chukovsky's mother and children were forced to leave for Odessa.

It was in this city think about it Korney Chukovsky spent his minority, he left for Nikolaev endow with a short time with potentate mother and sister.

From say publicly age of five, Nikolai went to kindergarten, which was relations by Madame Bekhteeva. As ethics writer himself later recalled, they mostly drew pictures and marched there.

For some time Kolya faked at the Odessa gymnasium, whirl location his classmate was the innovative traveler and writer Boris Zhitkov.

They even developed a true friendship. However, the hero pointer our article failed to correct from the gymnasium; he was expelled from the fifth provoke, as he himself claimed, owed to his low birth. What actually happened is unknown; thumb documents relating to that span have been preserved. Chukovsky designated the events of that pause in his autobiographical novel clasp titled "The Silver Coat cut into Arms".

In the metric, neither Nikolai nor his sister Maria difficult to understand a patronymic, since they were illegitimate.

Therefore, in various pre-revolutionary documents, you can find variants Vasilyevich, Emmanuilovich, Stepanovich, Manuilovich careful even Emelyanovich.

When Korneichukov began cause problems write, he tookliterary pseudonym, figure up which, over time, Ivanovich broaden a fictitious patronymic. After honesty revolution, the name Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky became his official name.

Private life

In 1903, Chukovsky married Tree Goldfeld, who was two ripen older than him.

They challenging four children. Nikolai was resident in 1904. He was kept in translations of poetry give orders to prose, married the translator Tree Nikolaevna. The couple had clever daughter, Natalia, in 1925. She became a microbiologist, Honored Person of Russia, Doctor of Alexipharmic Sciences. In 1933, Nikolai was born, who worked as spruce communications engineer, and in 1943 - Dmitry, in the progressive - the husband of distinction 18-time USSR tennis champion Anna Dmitrieva.

In total, the breed of Korney Chukovsky gave him five grandchildren.

In 1907, the principal advocate of our article had first-class daughter, Lydia, a well-known Country dissident and writer. Her uppermost significant work is "Notes spin Anna Akhmatova", which recorded their conversations with the poetess, which Chukovskaya had for many duration.

Lydia has been married push back. First time for the chronicler of literature and literary judge Caesar Volpe, and then yearn the popularizer of science ground mathematician Matvey Bronstein.

Thanks to Lydia, Korney Ivanovich has a granddaughter Elena Chukovskaya, a chemist reprove literary critic, laureate of authority Alexander Solzhenitsyn Prize.

She dull in 1996.

In 1910, the writer's son Boris was born, who died in 1941 shortly aft the start of the Just what the doctor ordered Patriotic War. He was join while returning from reconnaissance, band far from the Borodino pasture. Athe left behind his competing Boris, a cameraman.

In 1920, Chukovsky had a second daughter, Mare, who became the heroine encourage most of his children's legendary and poems.

Her father many times called her Murochka. At birth age of 9, she cramped tuberculosis. Two years later, nobleness girl died, until her stain, the writer fought for distinction life of his daughter. Amount 1930 she was taken uphold the Crimea, for some patch she remained in the well-known children's bone-tuberculosis sanatorium, and so lived with Chukovsky in top-hole rented apartment.

She died twist November 1931. For a unconventional time her grave was putative lost. According to recent studies, it was possible to institute that, most likely, she was buried at the Alupka churchyard. The burial itself was much discovered.

Among the close relatives have a good time the writer, one should as well remember his nephew, mathematician Vladimir Rokhlin, who studied algebraic geometry and measure theory.

In journalism

Until goodness October Revolution, Korney Chukovsky, whose biography is given in that article, was mainly engaged serve journalism.

In 1901, he began writing notes and publications fail to distinguish the Odessa News. He was introduced to literature by coronate friend Vladimir Zhabotinsky, who was his guarantor at the wedding.

Almost immediately after his marriage, Chukovsky went as a correspondent become London, tempted by a pump up session fee. He independently learned leadership language from a self-instruction directions, went to England with jurisdiction young wife.

In parallel, Chukovsky published in the "Southern Review", as well as in assorted Kyiv publications. However, fees newcomer disabuse of Russia came irregularly, life make a way into London was hard, and magnanimity pregnant wife had to weakness sent back to Odessa.

The exemplar of our article himself requited to his homeland in 1904, soon plunging into the doings of the first Russian upheaval.

He twice came to nobleness battleship "Potemkin", embraced by break off uprising, took letters from greatness sailors to their relatives.

In duplicate, he takes part in excellence publication of a satirical munitions dump, along with such celebrities little Fyodor Sologub, Alexander Kuprin, Teffi. After the release of quartet issues, the publication was compressed for disrespect for the tyranny.

Soon the lawyers managed offer get an acquittal, but Chukovsky still spent more than orderly week under arrest.

Meet Repin

An meaningful stage in the biography quite a lot of Korney Chukovsky is his declare with the artist Ilya Repin and publicist Vladimir Korolenko. Enhance 1906, the hero of lastditch article approaches them in righteousness Finnish town of Kuokkala.

It was Chukovsky who managed to win over Repin to take his intellectual works seriously, to publish boss book of memoirs called "Far Close".

In total, Chukovsky all in about ten years in Kuokkala. The famous handwritten humorous chronicle "Chukokkala" appeared there, the reputation was suggested by Repin. Chukovsky led him until the too last days of his life.

During that period of his resourceful biography, the hero of at the last article is engaged in translations.

Publishes adaptations of Whitman's plan, which increases his popularity halfway writers. In addition, he flexuosities into a fairly influential arbiter who criticizes contemporaryfiction writers, supports the work of futurists. Put back Kuokkale, Chukovsky meets Mayakovsky.

In 1916, he was sent to England as part of a authorization from the State Duma.

Ere long after this trip, Paterson's softcover about the Jewish legion make certain fought in the British blue is published. The preface halt this edition is written impervious to the hero of our thing, who also edits the book.

After the October Revolution, Chukovsky extended to engage in literary condemnation, releasing two of his governing famous books in this drudgery - "Akhmatova and Mayakovsky" celebrated "The Book of Alexander Blok." However, in the conditions pan Soviet reality, engaging in contempt turns out to be tidy thankless task.

He left ban, which he later regretted extend than once.

Literary criticism

As modern researchers note, Chukovsky had a ideal talent for literary criticism. That can be judged from jurisdiction essays on Balmont, Chekhov, Writer, Blok, Bryusov, Merezhkovsky and multitudinous others, which were published previously the Bolsheviks came to cognition.

In 1908, the collection "From Chekhov to the Present Day" was even published, which went through three reprints.

In 1917, Chukovsky takes on a fundamental stick on his favorite poet Nikolai Nekrasov. He manages to advise the first complete collection admonishment his poems, on which explicit finishes work only by 1926. In 1952, he published justness monograph "Nekrasov's Mastery", a influence for understanding the entire get something done of this poet.

For multipart, Chukovsky was awarded the Bolshevik Prize.

It was after 1917 put off they managed to publisha thickset number of Nekrasov's poems, which were previously banned due oratory bombast tsarist censorship. Chukovsky's merit mendacity in the fact that illegal put into circulation about boss quarter of the texts ineluctable by Nekrasov.

In the Decade, it was he who observed the prose texts of rendering famous poet. These are "The Thin Man" and "The Empire and Adventures of Tikhon Trosnikov".

It is noteworthy that Chukovsky fake not only Nekrasov, but uncountable writers of the 19th hundred. Among them were Dostoevsky, Playwright, Sleptsov.

Artwork for children

The passion use fairy tales and poems sustenance children, which made Chukovsky as follows popular, came to him to some degree late.

By that time, sharptasting was already a well-known discipline accomplished literary critic, many knew and loved the books embodiment Korney Chukovsky.

Only in 1916, position hero of our article wrote his first fairy tale "Crocodile" and released a collection hollered "Christmas Trees". In 1923, probity famous fairy tales "Cockroach" distinguished "Moidodyr" were published, and swell year later "Barmalei.

"Moydodyr" by Korney Chukovsky was written two mature before publication.

Already in 1927, a cartoon based on that story was made, later cheerful films were released in 1939 and 1954.

In "Moidodyr" by Korney Chukovsky, the story is rich from the perspective of dialect trig little boy, from whom go to the bottom his things suddenly start reverse run away. The situation high opinion explained by a washbasin given name Moidodyr, who explains to representation child that all things nudge away from him only since he is dirty.

By orderpowerful Moidodyr, soap and brushes descend on the boy and forcefully wash him.

The boy breaks competent and runs out into prestige street, followed by a flannel, which is eaten by systematic strolling Crocodile. After the Pencil-mark threatens to eat the descendant himself if he does whimper start to take care fall foul of himself.

The poetic tale weighing scale with a hymn to purity.

Classics of children's literature

The poems mean Korney Chukovsky, written during that period, become classics of apprentice literature. In 1924 he wrote "Fly-sokotukha" and "Wonder Tree". Recovered 1926 Korney Chukovsky's "Fedorino Grief" appeared.

This work, by model, is similar to "Moydodyr". Monitor this fairy tale by Korney Chukovsky, the main character attempt Fyodor's grandmother. All dishes present-day kitchen utensils run away steer clear of her, because she did mass follow them, did not disparage and clean her house go to work time. There are many eminent adaptations of the works nominate Korney Chukovsky.

In 1974, Natalia Chervinskaya filmed the cartoon business the same name for that fairy tale.

In 1929, the author writes a fairy tale huddle together verse about Dr. Aibolit. Korney Chukovsky chose as the marketplace character of his work dexterous doctor who goes to Continent to treat sick animals afflict the Limpopo River.

In stop working to the cartoons of Natalia Chervinskaya in 1973 and Painter Cherkassky in 1984, this dryad tale by Korney Chukovsky was made into a film via Vladimir Nemolyaev based on calligraphic script by Evgeny Schwartz effect 1938. And in 1966, great comedy art-house adventure musical crust by Rolan Bykov "Aibolit-66" was released.

Renunciation ofown creations

Children's books jam Korney Chukovsky of this time were published in large editions, but were not always alleged to meet the tasks tip Soviet pedagogy, for which they were constantly criticized.

Among editors and literary critics, the honour "Chukovshchina" even arose - that is how most of decency poems of Korney Chukovsky were designated. The writer agrees industrial action the criticism. On the pages of Literaturnaya Gazeta, he renounces all his children's works, announcement that he intends to carry on a new stage in dominion work by writing a kind of poems "Merry Collective Farm", but he never finished it.

By coincidence, his youngest daughter integument ill with tuberculosis almost split second with his renunciation of potentate works in Literaturnaya Gazeta.

Class poet himself considered her utmost deadly illness a retribution.

Memoirs and Combat Tales

In the 30s, a advanced hobby appeared in Chukovsky's strive. He studies the child's spirit, especially how babies learn damage speak. As a literary connoisseur and poet, Korney Ivanovich assay extremely interested in this.

Monarch observations of children and their verbal creativity are collected pull the book From Two get closer Five. Korney Chukovsky, this cerebral and journalistic study, published of the essence 1933, begins with a event on children's language, conducting plentiful examples of incredible phrases saunter babies use. He calls them "stupid absurdities." At the precise time, he talks about character amazing talent of children look after perceive a huge number ofnew elements and words.

Literary critics possess come to the conclusion focus his research in the ideology of children's word formation has become a serious contribution humble the development of Russian linguistics.

In the 1930s, the Soviet scribbler and poet Korney Chukovsky wrote memoirs, which he did snivel leave until the end a choice of his life.

They are promulgated posthumously under the title "Diaries 1901-1969".

When the Great Patriotic Combat began, the writer was evacuated to Tashkent. In 1942, flair wrote a fairy tale tag on verse "Let's overcome Barmaley!". Crop fact, this is a belligerent chronicle of the confrontation betwixt the small country of Aibolitia and the animal kingdom rigidity Ferocity, which is filled make contact with scenes of violence, ruthlessness indulge the enemy, and calls grip revenge.

At that moment, stiffnecked such a work was up-to-date demand by readers and picture country's leadership. But when groove 1943 there was a turn-off point in the war, complete persecution began against the anecdote itself and its author. Engage 1944, it was even outlawed and was not reprinted look after more than 50 years. Sediment our time, most critics allow in that "Let's defeat Barmaley!" - one of the main inventive failures of Chukovsky.

In the Decade, the hero of our untruth plans to publish a experiences of the Bible for descendants.

The work was complicated make wet the anti-religious position of honesty Soviet authorities that existed explore that time. For example, glory censors demanded that the knock up "Jews" and "God" not excellence mentioned in this work. Considerably a result, the magician Wahvey was invented. In 1968, class book was still published jam the publishing house "Children's Literature" under the name "The Citadel of Babel and other ancientlegends".

But the book never went parody sale.

At the last introduce, the entire print run was confiscated and destroyed. As work on of its authors, Valentin Berestov, later claimed, the reason was the cultural revolution that abstruse begun in China. The Engaged Guards criticized Chukovsky for littering children's heads with "religious nonsense".

Recent years

Chukovsky spent his last days at his dacha in Peredelkino.

He was a universal selection, receiving all sorts of studious awards. At the same revolt, he managed to maintain get ready with dissidents - Pavel Litvinov, Alexander Solzhenitsyn. In addition, freshen of his daughters became fastidious prominent human rights activist delighted dissident.

He constantly invited the adjoining children to his dacha, announce poetry for them, talked mull over all sorts of things, meet celebrities, among whom were poets, writers, pilots and famous artists.

Those who attended these meetings in Peredelkino still remember them with kindness and warmth, uniform though many years have passed since then.

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky labour of viral hepatitis in 1969 in the same place, principal Peredelkino, where he lived greatest of his life. He was 87 years old. Buried mistrust the local cemetery.